Short & long term effects of exercise

A cyclist is unable to train due to injury.

Describe two effects of reversibility on the cyclist’s muscular system.

Describe two ways that reversibility will affect the cyclist’s performance in a cycle race.

A cyclist recovers from injury and completes a 12-week fitness programme.

The table shows resting heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output before and after the 12-week fitness training programme.

Calculate the difference shown in resting stroke volume.

Calculate the percentage increase in cardiac output as a result of the fitness training programme.

Describe two long-term effects of a 12-week fitness training programme on the respiratory system.

Give a practical example from a cycle race of the following:

Aerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise

Describe what is meant by the term hypertrophy of muscle.

State two types of training used to increase hypertrophy of muscle.

The diagram below shows a gymnast weight training.

Explain how the pair of muscles at the elbow work together when lifting the weights from A to B.

Describe the role of fixator muscles during the movement from A to B.

Describe how the ligaments and tendons of a joint help assist the movement from A to B.

Weight training has long term effects which can help a gymnast.

For each example below describe a long term effect and explain how this effect could help the gymnast when they are performing.

Example 1:

Effect on performance........

Example 2:

Effect on performance........

Describe how regular exercise keeps bones healthy.

Describe two differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

Using events from track and field athletics, state one aerobic event and one anaerobic event.

Aerobic event:........

Anaerobic event:........

* Exercise can improve physical and mental health.

Living a sedentary lifestyle can have negative impacts on mental health.

Explain the long-term benefits of exercise on the cardiovascular system.

Using practical examples, describe the emotional and social consequences of a sedentary

lifestyle.

A long-term effect of exercise is hypertrophy of cardiac and skeletal muscle.

Is this statement true or false? Draw a circle around your answer.

True False

Table 1 shows a set of results for muscular hypertrophy recorded before, half-way through, and at the end of a 6-month specialised training programme.

Use the data in Table 1 to answer the following questions:

Which participant has made the greatest increase in muscle hypertrophy?

Which participant has made the smallest increase in muscle hypertrophy?

Which participant experienced reversibility during their training programme?

An increase in muscular hypertrophy usually means an increase in muscular strength.

Explain how the long-term benefits of hypertrophy will make Harry’s muscles stronger than Olivia’s.

Name the lever system for each of the following examples.

The elbow during a biceps curl:........

The neck when heading a ball:........

The take-off foot in the long jump:........

Second class levers always give mechanical advantage.

Is this statement true or false? Draw a circle around your answer.

True False

Fig. 7 shows the pathway of air through the respiratory system.

Put the following words in the correct order to complete Fig. 7.

Bronchiole

Describe the function of the alveoli.

Explain the impact of lactic acid production on the muscles and the quality of performance during a long-distance swim.

Describe two long-term effects of a 6-month training programme on the cardiovascular system.

Explain how these effects can benefit a long-distance swimmer.

Long-term effect 1:

Benefit 1:

Long-term effect 2:

Benefit 2:

One of the long-term benefits of regular exercise is an increase in aerobic capacity.

What is meant by aerobic capacity?

Explain how a high aerobic capacity gives a cyclist a better chance of winning a race.

Table 22 shows respiratory rates for hockey players in different playing positions before and during a game.

Analyse the impact of the warm up on the three playing positions.

Which playing position had the largest increase in respiratory rate at the end of the first half?

Explain why every player’s respiratory rate was lower at the start of the second half of the game compared to the end of the first half.

Give one reason why the respiratory rate of the midfielder was lower at the end of the second half than at the end of the first half.

Describe four long-term benefits that hockey training can have on the respiratory system.

Describe the effect lactic acid may have on the performance of the hockey players during the game.