Eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells

Figure 10 shows a bacterial cell and a yeast cell.

Which statement about bacterial cells and yeast cells is correct?

Tick () one box.

Give two features of a yeast cell that are not found in a bacterial cell.

Use Figure 10.

A scientist investigated the effect of different antibiotics on one type of bacterium.

The scientist:

• used three samples of culture medium

• added a different antibiotic to each sample

• added equal numbers of bacteria to each sample.

Figure 11 shows the results.

Compare the effectiveness of the antibiotics shown in Figure 11.

It was not possible for the scientist to count the total number of bacteria per cm³ of culture medium.

The cells were too close together to be counted accurately.

The scientist took 10 samples from the culture medium. Each sample had a volume of 0.02 cm³.

Describe how the scientist could use the samples to estimate the number of bacteria

Malaria is caused by a protist.

The protist is passed from one person to another person by mosquitos.

Which term describes the mosquito?

Tick (✓) one box.

The malarial protist is a eukaryotic cell.

Figure 2 shows a malarial protist.

Give two features of the malarial protist that show the cell is eukaryotic

and not prokaryotic.

Which organism is prokaryotic?

Tick (✓) one box.

The malarial protist reproduces asexually.

What is a feature of asexual reproduction?

Tick (✓) one box.

Mitosis occurs in the malarial protist during asexual reproduction.

The protist has 14 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes will each new protist cell have after mitosis?

Tick (✓) one box.

When a person has malaria, the protists destroy red blood cells.

What change would happen in the blood of a person with malaria?

Tick (✓) one box.

It is estimated that 210 million people are infected with malaria every year. Half of these infected people survive the disease.

Calculate how many people would survive the disease in 3 years if the estimate is correct.

Give your answer in standard form.

The spread of malaria can be controlled by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

Describe two other ways that people can reduce the chance of being bitten by mosquitos.

Do not refer to mosquito nets in your answer.

Different types of disease may interact.

Scientists studied how having disorder S interacts with malaria.

The scientists calculated the chance of children with disorder S getting malaria.

Table 4 shows the results.

Describe the trend shown in Table 4.

Use data from Table 4.

The protist that causes malaria is passed from one person to another person by mosquitos.

What term describes an organism that passes a pathogen from one person to another person?

Figure 7 shows the malarial protist.

The malarial protist is a eukaryotic cell. Describe three ways the structure of the malarial protist is different from the structure of a prokaryotic cell. Do not refer to size in your answer.

During one stage of malaria infection, the malarial protists enter red blood cells and cause them to burst. Explain why the bursting of red blood cells causes tiredness.

The malarial protist reproduces sexually and asexually during a life cycle. Complete Table 3 to give three differences between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. One difference has been completed for you.

One drug for treating malaria prevents mitosis occurring in the malarial protist. The drug stops the synthesis of new DNA bases in the cell. Suggest how the drug prevents mitosis occurring.

Describe the process of cell division by mitosis.

Different types of disease may interact. Scientists studied the incidence of malaria infections in children:

• with disorder S

• without disorder S.

The incidence of malaria in children with disorder S was calculated as a percentage of the incidence in children without disorder S. Table 4 shows the results.

Describe what the results in Table 4 show about the interaction between disorder S and malaria.

This question is about cells.

Figure 1 shows a cell.

What type of cell is shown in Figure 1 ? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 2 shows an algal cell.

What is the function of the cell wall? Tick (✓) one box.

The algal cell is green. Which part of the algal cell makes it green in colour? Tick (✓) one box.

Cells contain sub-cellular structures. Draw one line from each structure to its function.

A student prepared a microscope slide of cheek cells.

The student looked at one cell using a microscope. Figure 3 shows the image the student saw.

What should the student do to get a clear image? Tick (✓) one box.

The student then obtained a clear image.

Figure 4 shows the clear image.

Measure the length of the nucleus (A) and the length of the cell (B) in millimetres (mm).

How many times longer is the cell (B) than the nucleus (A)?

The student looked at another cell. The image width of the cell was 40 mm The real width of the cell was 0.1 mm Calculate the magnification of the cell. Use the equation:

Magnification = × 12

Figure 5 shows three types of cell.

Give two similarities between the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cells in Figure 5.

Give three differences between the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cells in Figure 5.

Calculate the ratio of the size of the bacterial cell to the size of the mesophyll cell.

Name the type of cell division that produces genetically identical body cells for growth and repair.

Figure 6 shows a cell cycle.

What percentage of the time for one cell cycle is represented by stage 2 and stage 3 together? Tick (✓) one box.

Describe what happens during each stage of the cell cycle.

Figure 12 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope.

The cell contains a nucleus.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.

Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 12.

Label two parts of the cell.

Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.

Figure 13 shows some different cells.

The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm

Calculate the magnification.

Use the equation:

The cells shown in Figure 13 were viewed using a light microscope.

Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.

Figure 1 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope.

The cell contains a nucleus.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.

Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 1.

Label two parts of the cell.

Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.

Figure 2 shows some different cells.

The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm

Calculate the magnification.

Use the equation:

The cells shown in Figure 2 were viewed using a light microscope.

Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.