AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 Foundation June 2019 question paper 8461/1F

Many foods contain carbohydrates.

Figure 1 shows information about four different foods.

Which food contains the highest percentage of carbohydrate?

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Estimate the percentage of water found in beans.

Look at Figure 1.

Why would eating only beans provide a more balanced diet than eating only chicken?

Sugars are produced when enzymes break down starch.

What is the name of the enzyme which breaks down starch to produce sugars?

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Which chemical could be used to test for glucose?

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What colour change would be seen in a positive test for glucose?

From blue to.

People with diabetes have difficulty controlling the concentration of glucose in their blood.

The blood of four people was tested.

Table 1 shows the results.

Table 2 shows the information used to help decide if a person has diabetes.

Which person has severe diabetes?

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Figure 2 shows part of the human digestive system.

Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream in part X.

Name part X.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Some glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream against the concentration gradient by

the process of.

Water moves out of part Y and into the bloodstream by

the process of.

An animal called an axolotl lives in water.

Figure 3 shows an axolotl.

Oxygen enters the axolotl’s bloodstream through the gills by diffusion.

What is diffusion?

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Describe how one feature of the axolotl’s gills increases the rate of diffusion of oxygen.

Use information from Figure 3.

If a gill of an axolotl is removed, stem cells in the damaged area will divide and a new gill will grow.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

When stem cells specialise to produce gill cells, this process is

known as.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

To grow a new gill the stem cells divide by.

Which one of the following does not contain stem cells?

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Axolotls are small animals. Axolotls are used in stem cell research.

What are two advantages of using axolotls in stem cell research?

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Oxygen uptake in humans takes place in the lungs.

Figure 4 shows the human breathing system.

Where does oxygen enter the bloodstream?

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Name part E on Figure 4.

Which blood vessel carries blood to the lungs?

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This question is about leaves.

Complete the sentences.

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The layer of cells lining the upper surface and lower surface of a

leaf is the.

The part of the leaf where most photosynthesis occurs

is the.

Water is transported to the leaf in the

Water is lost through small openings on the lower surface of plant leaves.

These small openings are called stomata.

Figure 5 shows two stomata on the lower surface of a leaf.

The cells labelled X control the width of the stomata.

What are the cells labelled X ?

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What is the function of the stomata?

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How is water lost from a leaf?

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A student investigated the volume of water lost from two plants.

The plants were different species.

Figure 6 shows the student’s results.

Calculate the difference in the volume of water lost by plant A compared to plant B in the first hour.

What could cause plant A to lose water at a faster rate than plant B ?

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After the first 2 hours, both plants were moved to a new room.

Suggest one reason why both plants lost water at a faster rate in the new room.

Some plants have adaptations to stop them from being eaten by animals.

Figure 7 shows part of a holly plant.

Describe one way the holly plant is adapted to stop it being eaten by animals.

A student investigated respiration in yeast.

This is the method used.

1. Add 5 cm³ of a yeast and water mixture to each measuring cylinder.

2. Add different masses of sugar to each measuring cylinder.

3. Mix the contents of each measuring cylinder gently for 5 seconds.

4. Put the measuring cylinders in a water bath at 25 °C

5. Over the next 20 minutes, record the maximum volume the foam reaches in each measuring cylinder.

Figure 8 shows the student’s results.

Which two variables did the student control in the method?

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Table 3 shows the results.

What is value X in Table 3 ?

Use Figure 8.

In the investigation, the yeast respires and releases a gas which causes the foam to rise.

Which gas causes the foam to rise?

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What conclusion can you make about the relationship between the mass of sugar used and the volume of gas produced?

Why was no foam produced in the mixture with 0 g of sugar?

Why was the measuring cylinder with 0 g of sugar included in the investigation?

The top of the mixture can be covered with a layer of oil after step 3 in the method.

Suggest why the layer of oil stops the yeast respiring aerobically.

What other substance is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

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A man has the following symptoms:

• yellow discharge from his penis

• pain when urinating.

The man has a bacterial infection.

What is the most likely cause of the man’s symptoms?

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The man took a full course of antibiotics.

The man’s symptoms did not improve.

Why did the antibiotics not cure the symptoms?

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Using a condom can stop the bacteria being passed to another person during sexual intercourse.

Suggest a different way the man could avoid passing the bacteria on to someone else.

A scientist investigated the effect of three different antibiotics on three different types of bacteria, A, B and C.

This is the method used.

1. Grow bacteria A on an agar plate.

2. Put three separate paper discs each containing one of the antibiotics (1, 2 and 3) onto the agar plate.

3. Put the agar plate into an incubator for 48 hours.

4. Repeat steps 1–3 for bacteria B and for bacteria C.

Figure 9 shows the scientist’s results.

Compare the effectiveness of the three antibiotics at killing the different types of bacteria.

Milk contains bacteria.

A small volume of raw milk was placed in a counting chamber in a special type of microscope slide.

Figure 10 shows what the counting chamber looked like when viewed using a microscope.

A scientist counted the number of bacteria in four samples of raw milk.

Table 4 shows the results.

Which milk sample is shown in Figure 10 ?

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Calculate the mean number of bacteria in the four samples in Table 4.

Calculate the mean number of bacteria per mm³ of milk in the samples.

Complete the following steps.

Calculate the total area of the counting chamber in Figure 10.

The depth of the counting chamber is 0.01 mm

Calculate the volume of the counting chamber in Figure 10.

Use the equation: volume = area depth

Calculate the mean number of bacteria per mm³ of milk in the samples.

Use the equation:

Milk is heated to reduce the number of bacteria it contains before it is sold for humans to drink.

Milk with more than 20 000 bacteria per cm³ cannot be sold for humans to drink.

Table 5 shows the number of bacteria per cm³ in four different samples of milk.

Which of the milk samples could not be sold for humans to drink?

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Why should milk sold for humans to drink not contain large numbers of bacteria?

Figure 11 shows the internal structure of the human heart.

Which organ system is the heart a part of?

Draw a ring around one valve on Figure 11.

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

Valves are also found inside some blood vessels.

Which type of blood vessel contains valves?

Sometimes a valve in the heart can begin to leak.

A leaking heart valve may be replaced with either:

• a mechanical valve

• a biological valve from a pig.

Table 6 shows information about the replacement valves.

Suggest two reasons why a patient may choose a mechanical valve and not a biological valve from a pig.

Suggest one reason why a patient may choose a biological valve from a pig and not a mechanical valve.

A person may develop other medical conditions.

Draw one line from each medical condition to the correct treatment.

Medical condition
Treatment

Figure 12 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope.

The cell contains a nucleus.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.

Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 12.

Label two parts of the cell.

Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.

Figure 13 shows some different cells.

The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm

Calculate the magnification.

Use the equation:

The cells shown in Figure 13 were viewed using a light microscope.

Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.

Mosquitoes carry a pathogen that causes malaria.

What type of pathogen causes malaria?

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Mosquito nets can help prevent the spread of malaria.

Table 7 shows the results of a study in one area of Africa.

A newspaper made the following statement:

‘Study shows mosquito nets are scientifically proven to prevent malaria.’

Give one piece of evidence that supports the statement.

Suggest one reason why the statement may not be valid.

Table 8 shows information about the number of deaths from malaria in the same area of Africa.

Predict the number of people per 100 000 who died from malaria in 2017 if the trend stayed the same.

Use of mosquito nets has helped to reduce the number of deaths from malaria each year.

Suggest one other reason for the reduced number of deaths from malaria each year.

Describe how the human body:

• prevents pathogens from entering

• defends itself against pathogens inside the body.

This question is about photosynthesis.

Complete the word equation for photosynthesis:

A student investigated photosynthesis using pondweed.

Figure 14 shows the apparatus the student used.

This is the method used.

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 14.

2. Switch on the lamp.

3. After 20 minutes, record the volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder.

4. Repeat steps 1–3 using bulbs of different power output.

What was the independent variable in the investigation?

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Suggest two ways the method could be improved so the results would be more valid.

Table 9 shows the student’s results.

Calculate value X in Table 9.

Complete Figure 15.

You should:

• label the x-axis

• use a suitable scale

• plot the data from Table 9 and your answer to Question 09.4

• draw a line of best fit.

Determine the expected rate of photosynthesis with a bulb of power output 75 watts.

Use Figure 15.

Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?

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