Active transport

This question is about cells.

Figure 1 shows an animal cell seen through a microscope.

What is part X in Figure 1 ?

Tick () one box.

Name one structure found in the nucleus.

Name one cell part that is found in a plant cell but is not found in an animal cell.

Root hair cells are found in plants.

Which substance do root hair cells absorb from the soil?

Tick () one box.

A sperm cell is a specialised cell.

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Draw one line from each specialised cell to the type of organism where the specialised cell is found.

The cell membrane controls which substances move into and out of cells.

Which two processes move substances into and out of cells?

Tick () two boxes.

Table 1 shows substances that are exchanged between the blood and muscle cells.

Complete Table 1 to show the direction of movement of each substance.

Tick () one box in each row.

A student investigated osmosis in pieces of potato.

This is the method used.

1. Cut a piece of potato into a cube.

2. Record the mass of the cube.

3. Place the cube into a beaker containing 0.4 mol/dm³ salt solution.

4. After some time, remove the cube and record the mass.

5. Calculate the change in the mass of the cube.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 using two more different concentrations of salt solution.

Evaluate the student’s method.

You should include how the student could improve the validity of their results.

Why would a potato cube placed into distilled water increase in mass?

Tick () one box.

Active transport is another process used by potato cells.

Give one way active transport is different from osmosis.

A student investigated osmosis in pieces of potato.

This is the method used.

1. Cut a piece of potato into a cube.

2. Record the mass of the cube.

3. Place the cube into a beaker containing 0.4 mol/dm³ salt solution.

4. After some time, remove the cube and record the mass.

5. Calculate the change in the mass of the cube.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 using two more different concentrations of salt solution.

Evaluate the student’s method.

You should include how the student could improve the validity of their results.

Why would a potato cube placed into distilled water increase in mass?

Tick () one box.

Active transport is another process used by potato cells.

Give one way active transport is different from osmosis.

Plants are made of different tissues.

Which term describes a group of tissues working together?

Tick () one box.

Figure 1 shows the tissues in a leaf.

Draw one line from each leaf tissue to an important feature of the tissue.

Leaf tissue Feature

Xylem tissue transports water to the leaves.

Which term describes the loss of water from the leaves?

Tick () one box.

Which substance strengthens xylem tissue?

Tick () one box.

Figure 1 is repeated below.

The upper epidermis is transparent.

Explain why the upper epidermis needs to be transparent.

Use Figure 1.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The opening and closing of the pores in the lower epidermis is controlled

Figure 2 shows two cells from phloem tissue.

Figure 2

Figure 2 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions.

It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the following publication:

Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J Cronshaw

Part A in Figure 2 contains cell sap.

Name part A in Figure 2.

Sugars move from cell Y into cell X against the concentration gradient.

Energy is needed to move sugars against the concentration gradient.

Which process moves sugars against the concentration gradient?

Tick () one box.

Which cell structures are needed to provide energy to move sugars?

Tick () one box.

This question is about cells.

Which diagram shows oxygen moving by diffusion? Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.

Plant cells absorb substances from the soil.

Plant cells use active transport to absorb Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient and

Figure 1 shows a specialised cell that absorbs substances from the soil.

Name the type of specialised cell in Figure 1.

Describe how the cell in Figure 1 is adapted to increase the absorption of substances from the soil.

A sperm cell is another specialised cell.

Figure 2 shows a sperm cell.

Draw one line from each feature to how the feature helps the sperm cell carry out its function. Feature of sperm cell How the feature helps

Figure 3 shows another specialised cell.

Name the type of cell in Figure 3. Describe one feature of the cell that helps it to carry out its function. Name of the cell Feature of the cell

Diffusion is an important process in animals and plants.

What is meant by the term diffusion?

Figure 11 shows part of a leaf.

Molecules of carbon dioxide diffuse from the air into the mesophyll cells. Which two changes will increase the rate at which carbon dioxide diffuses into the mesophyll cells? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Diffusion also happens in the human lungs. Figure 12 shows the human breathing system.

Explain how the human lungs are adapted for efficient exchange of gases by diffusion.

Figure 13 shows a root hair cell.

Name the process by which water molecules enter the root hair cell.

Nitrate ions need a different method of transport into the root hair cell. Explain how the nitrate ions in Figure 13 are transported into the root hair cell. Use information from Figure 13 in your answer.

Diffusion is an important process in animals and plants.

What is meant by the term diffusion?

Figure 2 shows part of a leaf.

Molecules of carbon dioxide diffuse from the air into the mesophyll cells. Which two changes will increase the rate at which carbon dioxide diffuses into the mesophyll cells? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Diffusion also happens in the human lungs. Figure 3 shows the human breathing system.

Explain how the human lungs are adapted for efficient exchange of gases by diffusion.

Figure 4 shows a root hair cell.

Name the process by which water molecules enter the root hair cell.

Nitrate ions need a different method of transport into the root hair cell. Explain how the nitrate ions in Figure 4 are transported into the root hair cell. Use information from Figure 4 in your answer.

Many foods contain carbohydrates.

Figure 1 shows information about four different foods.

Which food contains the highest percentage of carbohydrate?

Tick (✓) one box.

Estimate the percentage of water found in beans.

Look at Figure 1.

Why would eating only beans provide a more balanced diet than eating only chicken?

Sugars are produced when enzymes break down starch.

What is the name of the enzyme which breaks down starch to produce sugars?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which chemical could be used to test for glucose?

Tick (✓) one box.

What colour change would be seen in a positive test for glucose?

From blue to.

People with diabetes have difficulty controlling the concentration of glucose in their blood.

The blood of four people was tested.

Table 1 shows the results.

Table 2 shows the information used to help decide if a person has diabetes.

Which person has severe diabetes?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 2 shows part of the human digestive system.

Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream in part X.

Name part X.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Some glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream against the concentration gradient by

the process of.

Water moves out of part Y and into the bloodstream by

the process of.

People with diabetes have difficulty controlling their blood glucose concentration.

Which part of the blood transports glucose?

Tick (✓) one box.

Glucose is often found in the urine of people with diabetes.

Name a chemical used to test for glucose.

Describe a test that could be used to show that a person’s urine contains glucose.

The body cells of a person with untreated diabetes lose more water than the body cells of a person who does not have diabetes.

Explain how diabetes can cause the body cells to lose more water.

Glucose is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine by both diffusion and active transport.

Describe how the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption.

A student carried out an investigation using chicken eggs.

This is the method used.

1. Place 5 eggs in acid for 24 hours to dissolve the egg shell.

2. Measure and record the mass of each egg.

3. Place each egg into a separate beaker containing 200 cm³ of distilled water.

4. After 20 minutes, remove the eggs from the beakers and dry them gently with a paper towel.

5. Measure and record the mass of each egg.

Table 4 shows the results.

Another student suggested that the result for egg 4 was anomalous.

Do you agree with the student?

Give a reason for your answer.

Calculate the percentage change in mass of egg 3.

Explain why the masses of the eggs increased.

Explain how the student could modify the investigation to determine the concentration of the solution inside each egg.

Chicken egg shells contain calcium. Calcium ions are moved from the shell into the cytoplasm of the egg.

Table 5 shows information about the concentration of calcium ions.

Explain how calcium ions are moved from the shell into the cytoplasm of the egg.