AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 Foundation June 2024 question paper 8461/1F

Plants are made of different tissues.

Which term describes a group of tissues working together?

Tick () one box.

Figure 1 shows the tissues in a leaf.

Draw one line from each leaf tissue to an important feature of the tissue.

Leaf tissue Feature

Xylem tissue transports water to the leaves.

Which term describes the loss of water from the leaves?

Tick () one box.

Which substance strengthens xylem tissue?

Tick () one box.

Figure 1 is repeated below.

The upper epidermis is transparent.

Explain why the upper epidermis needs to be transparent.

Use Figure 1.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The opening and closing of the pores in the lower epidermis is controlled

Figure 2 shows two cells from phloem tissue.

Figure 2

Figure 2 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions.

It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the following publication:

Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J Cronshaw

Part A in Figure 2 contains cell sap.

Name part A in Figure 2.

Sugars move from cell Y into cell X against the concentration gradient.

Energy is needed to move sugars against the concentration gradient.

Which process moves sugars against the concentration gradient?

Tick () one box.

Which cell structures are needed to provide energy to move sugars?

Tick () one box.

Pathogens cause disease.

How does the skin defend the human body against pathogens?

The stomach contains acid to kill pathogens.

A scientist investigated the effect of acid on the survival of bacteria.

This is the method used.

1. Prepare four test tubes each with 10 cm³ of culture solution.

2. Use acid to adjust the pH of the solutions to be pH1, pH2, pH3 and pH5

3. Add 1 cm³ of bacteria mixture to each test tube.

4. Take a 0.1 cm³ sample from each test tube and record the number of live bacteria.

5. Keep the test tubes at 37 °C for 24 hours.

6. Repeat step 4.

Table 1 shows some of the results.

What fraction of the bacteria present at 0 hours for pH3 survived for 24 hours?

Give your answer in its simplest form.

Fraction surviving =

How many more bacteria were killed at pH1 than at pH5 in 24 hours?

Complete the following steps.

A student calculated value X in Table 1 to be 43

Suggest how the student calculated this value.

Measles is caused by a virus.

The measles vaccine is given to children to prevent them becoming ill with measles.

Draw one line from each blood component to its function when someone is vaccinated against measles.

Blood component Function

Figure 3 shows information about trends in the UK for:

• percentage of children vaccinated

• the number of people with measles.

What year was the measles vaccine first used?

Use Figure 3.

Describe the trend in the number of people with measles from 1945 to 1975.

Use Figure 3.

In 1998, a scientific paper was published suggesting a link between condition X and one type of measles vaccine.

What happened to the percentage of children vaccinated against measles after the scientific paper was published in 1998?

Use Figure 3.

Why might the claims made in the scientific paper have affected the percentage of children vaccinated?

Tick () one box.

In 2010, the scientific paper linking condition X and the measles vaccine was shown to be based on false claims.

What should scientists do with scientific research to help detect false claims?

Tick () one box.

The person who wrote the scientific paper was paid to research the link between condition X and the measles vaccine.

Why are the claims in the scientific paper likely to be considered not valid?

Starch and sugar are two types of carbohydrate.

Describe the chemical tests that a student could use to show if bread contains:

• starch

• sugar.

You should include the results of a positive test and a negative test for each type of carbohydrate.

A student investigated three types of bread.

For each type of bread, the student:

• put a square piece of bread into their mouth

• did not chew the bread

• recorded the time taken for the bread to taste sweet.

Table 2 shows the results.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The starch in the bread was broken down by the

What was the independent variable in the investigation?

Tick () one box.

Give two conclusions that can be made from the results in Table 2.

Table 2 is repeated below.

The student improved the investigation.

Table 3 shows the results.

What did the student do to improve the investigation?

Use Table 2 and Table 3.

Calculate value X in Table 3.

Why should the student do the investigation with more people?

Tick () one box.

Cancer occurs when there is uncontrolled cell division.

Which two factors can cause cancer?

Tick () two boxes.

What type of cell division occurs in cancerous cells?

Tick () one box.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Figure 4 shows the cell cycle.

What percentage of the time taken for the cell cycle does the cell growth stage take?

Use Figure 4.

Tick () one box.

What happens during stage X of the cell cycle in Figure 4 ?

Tick () one box.

Figure 5 shows an animal cell during cell division.

Name structure Z in Figure 5.

The image of the cell in Figure 5:

• is magnified 800 times

• has a width of 50 mm.

Calculate the real width of the cell in Figure 5.

Give your answer in micrometres (µm).

Use the equation:

1 mm = 1000 µm

Some drugs can treat cancer.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

In drug trials some patients are given a tablet which does not contain the drug.

What name is given to the tablet that does not contain the drug?

A student investigated the effect of different concentrations of salt solution on the mass of uncooked pieces of potato.

This is the method used.

1. Cut four pieces of a potato to the same size.

2. Record the mass of each piece of potato.

3. Put one of the pieces of potato into a beaker containing 100 cm³ of 0.1 mol/dm³ salt solution.

4. Repeat step 3 using the other pieces of potato, each in a different concentration of salt solution.

5. After 20 minutes, remove the pieces of potato from the solutions.

6. Record the mass of each piece of potato.

Give two control variables the student used in the investigation.

The student needed to be sure the measurements were as accurate as possible.

What should be done to each piece of potato after removing from the solution and before measuring the mass?

Name the piece of apparatus the student could use to measure the mass of the pieces of potato.

Table 4 shows the results.

What was the resolution of the apparatus used for measuring mass?

Use Table 4.

Tick () one box.

Which piece of potato had the greatest change in mass in the investigation?

Tick () one box.

Calculate value X in Table 4.

Use the equation:

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

What is the best way to present the data in Table 4 ?

Tick () one box.

Complete the sentences.

Some of the pieces of potato decreased in mass because the potato cells

The structure surrounding each cell in a piece of potato is

Table 4 is repeated below.

Estimate the concentration of salt solution that would not cause a change in mass of these pieces of potato.

A person has coronary heart disease.

Which blood vessels are affected by coronary heart disease?

Tick () one box.

A person’s heart stops beating.

The person stops breathing.

A first-aider pushes down on the person’s chest.

Pushing down on the person’s chest puts pressure on the heart.

Explain why putting pressure on the heart helps the person.

The first-aider also forces air into the person’s lungs by blowing into their mouth.

Describe how forcing air into the person’s lungs helps the person.

The person’s heart starts to beat again and the person starts breathing.

The person has a high level of cholesterol in their blood.

Name one type of drug that would decrease the level of cholesterol in the person’s blood.

A doctor decides that the person needs to have a stent fitted.

Explain how a stent works to treat coronary heart disease.

Table 5 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different cardiovascular diseases.

Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 5.

Complete Figure 6.

You should:

• label the y-axis

• add the correct scale to the y-axis

• plot the data from Table 5

• label each bar.

The bar for cardiovascular disease E has been plotted for you.

Describe one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Do not refer to smoking in your answer.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene.

Where in a cell would the CF gene be found?

CF affects many organs in the body.

The main organs affected are:

• the lungs

• the pancreas

• the small intestine.

Figure 7 shows organs of the human body.

Which letters in Figure 7 show the lungs, the pancreas and the small intestine?

Tick () one box.

The pancreas produces several digestive enzymes.

CF reduces the amount of each enzyme that reaches the small intestine.

Explain why a person with CF has:

• difficulty digesting food

• difficulty gaining body mass.

Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs.

Describe three features of the alveoli that help maximise gas exchange.

CF reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood from the alveoli.

Explain how a reduced amount of oxygen entering the blood will affect the human body.