AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 Higher June 2024 question paper 8461/1H

A person has coronary heart disease.

Which blood vessels are affected by coronary heart disease?

Tick (✓) one box.

A person’s heart stops beating.

The person stops breathing.

A first-aider pushes down on the person’s chest.

Pushing down on the person’s chest puts pressure on the heart.

Explain why putting pressure on the heart helps the person.

The first - aider also forces air into the person’s lungs by blowing into their mouth.

Describe how forcing air into the person’s lungs helps the person.

The person’s heart starts to beat again and the person starts breathing.

The person has a high level of cholesterol in their blood.

Name one type of drug that would decrease the level of cholesterol in the person’s blood.

A doctor decides that the person needs to have a stent fitted.

Explain how a stent works to treat coronary heart disease.

Table 1 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different cardiovascular diseases.

Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 1.

Complete Figure 1.

You should:

• label the y-axis

• add the correct scale to the y-axis

• plot the data from Table 1

• label each bar.

The bar for cardiovascular disease E has been plotted for you.

Describe one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Do not refer to smoking in your answer.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene.

Where in a cell would the CF gene be found?

CF affects many organs in the body.

The main organs affected are:

• the lungs

• the pancreas

• the small intestine.

Figure 2 shows organs of the human body.

Which letters in Figure 2 show the lungs, the pancreas and the small intestine?

Tick (✓) one box.

The pancreas produces several digestive enzymes.

CF reduces the amount of each enzyme that reaches the small intestine.

Explain why a person with CF has:

• difficulty digesting food

• difficulty gaining body mass.

Gas exchange happens in the alveoli in the lungs.

Describe three features of the alveoli that help maximise gas exchange.

CF reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood from the alveoli.

Explain how a reduced amount of oxygen entering the blood will affect the human body.

Cake and bread each contain the same two types of carbohydrate.

Describe the chemical tests that could be used to show the presence of the two types of carbohydrate in cake.

Include a risk assessment in your answer.

A student investigated three types of bread.

For each type of bread, the student:

• put a square piece of bread into their mouth

• did not chew the bread

• recorded the time taken for the bread to taste sweet.

Table 2 shows the results.

What was the dependent variable in the investigation?

Give one control variable the student should have used in the investigation.

During the investigation, the bread began to taste sweet in the student’s mouth.

Explain why the bread tasted sweet.

Suggest one reason why the results of the investigation were not valid.

Do not refer to control variables in your answer.

Plants contain many different tissues.

Complete the sentences.

The leaf tissue that contains the most chloroplasts is

the.

The leaf tissue that contains many air spaces is

the.

The plant tissue that can differentiate throughout the life of the plant is

the.

Xylem tissue transports water through a plant.

The walls of xylem cells contain cellulose.

Name one other substance that strengthens xylem tissue.

Phloem tissue transports dissolved sugars around a plant.

Name the process that transports dissolved sugars around a plant.

Figure 3 shows two plant cells.

Figure 3

Figure 3 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions.

It is a photograph showing two cells from phloem tissue from page numbers 111-120 of the following publication:

Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in the Phloem of Pisum sativum and its Relation to the Function of Transfer Cells, Planta Vol. 2 by B J Bentwood and J Cronshaw

Name part Y in Figure 3.

The phloem tissue transports sugars to other parts of the plant.

The concentration of dissolved sugars in the phloem cell in Figure 3 is higher than in cell X.

Explain how sub-cellular structures help to move dissolved sugars from cell X into the

New phloem cells form when unspecialised plant cells differentiate and become specialised.

Describe one change in structure that occurs when an unspecialised cell differentiates to form a phloem cell.

Use Figure 3.

A student investigated the effect of concentration of salt solution on the mass of uncooked potato pieces.

Figure 4 shows the results.

Plan a method that could be used to obtain the results in Figure 4.

Explain the result for the potato pieces in the 0.6 mol/dm³ salt concentration.

Explain why the result for the potato pieces at 1.0 mol/dm³ was different from the

This question is about pathogens.

A scientist investigated antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Name one antibiotic.

The scientist grew one type of bacterium on agar in a Petri dish.

The scientist placed paper discs each containing a different antibiotic on the agar.

Figure 5 shows the appearance of the Petri dish after 2 days.

A student said:

‘The bacterium is resistant to antibiotic C.’

Explain how the results in Figure 5 show that the student is not correct.

Suggest why doctors are concerned about antibiotic resistance.

Diseases caused by viruses cannot be treated using antibiotics.

Suggest why viruses cannot be grown on agar.

Why is it difficult for scientists to develop drugs to destroy viruses?

Which disease is caused by a virus that damages white blood cells?

Tick (✓) one box.

A student investigated the effect of different factors on photosynthesis.

The student used three leaves growing on the same plant.

Each leaf was treated in a different way.

After 48 hours the student tested each leaf for starch.

Table 3 shows the results.

Explain the results for the three leaves.

In another investigation the student used a different type of plant.

The plant was left uncovered in the light for 48 hours.

After 48 hours the student tested a leaf from the plant for starch.

Figure 6 shows the leaf before it was tested for starch.

Complete Table 4 to show the results you would expect for the starch test on the leaf in Figure 6.

Explain the results you gave in Question 07.2.

In some leaves, the green parts become yellow because of an ion deficiency.

Which ion is deficient in a plant with yellow leaves?

Give the scientific term that describes the yellow colour of the leaves.

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by different factors.

How could the oxygen produced during photosynthesis be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis?

Light, carbon dioxide and temperature are limiting factors of photosynthesis.

Figure 7 shows how the rate of photosynthesis is affected by light, carbon dioxide and temperature.

At point A on Figure 7, light is a limiting factor.

What is meant by a ‘limiting factor’?

Explain the effect of increasing temperature and increasing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis shown in Figure 7.

Photosynthesis investigations often use a light source.

The spreading out of light from a source obeys the inverse square law.

The inverse square law links light intensity to distance from the light source.

Which of the following shows the inverse square law?

Tick (✓) one box.

Cancer is caused by changes in cells that result in uncontrolled cell division.

Before a cell begins to divide, its DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.

Describe one other change that occurs in a cell before the cell begins to divide.

Figure 8 shows a cell during one of the stages of cell division.

Name structure Z in Figure 8.

Structure Y in Figure 8 is a cylinder.

For structure Y:

• real volume = 24 500 000 nm³

• real radius = 125 nm.

The length of a cylinder is calculated using the equation:

The length of the image of structure Y in Figure 8 is 4 mm.

Calculate the magnification of structure Y in Figure 8.

Use π = 3.14

Magnification = ×

Figure 9 shows some of the stages of cell division.

Some cancer drugs prevent cell division.

Drug X prevents the fibres from attaching to the replicated chromosomes in stage 1.

Explain why a cell cannot complete division when affected by drug X.

Give the reason why a drug that stops cell division helps to treat cancer.

New cancer drugs are tested in clinical trials.

Preclinical testing happens before clinical trials.

What is involved in preclinical testing of drugs?

Tick (✓) one box.