AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 Higher June 2019 question paper 8461/1H

Figure 1 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope.

The cell contains a nucleus.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.

Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 1.

Label two parts of the cell.

Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.

Figure 2 shows some different cells.

The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm

Calculate the magnification.

Use the equation:

The cells shown in Figure 2 were viewed using a light microscope.

Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.

Mosquitoes carry a pathogen that causes malaria.

What type of pathogen causes malaria?

Tick (✓) one box.

Mosquito nets can help prevent the spread of malaria.

Table 1 shows the results of a study in one area of Africa.

A newspaper made the following statement:

‘Study shows mosquito nets are scientifically proven to prevent malaria.’

Give one piece of evidence that supports the statement.

Suggest one reason why the statement may not be valid.

Table 2 shows information about the number of deaths from malaria in the same area of Africa.

Predict the number of people per 100 000 who died from malaria in 2017 if the trend stayed the same.

Use of mosquito nets has helped to reduce the number of deaths from malaria each year.

Suggest one other reason for the reduced number of deaths from malaria each year.

Describe how the human body:

• prevents pathogens from entering

• defends itself against pathogens inside the body.

This question is about photosynthesis.

Complete the word equation for photosynthesis:

A student investigated photosynthesis using pondweed.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus the student used.

This is the method used.

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3.

2. Switch on the lamp.

3. After 20 minutes, record the volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder.

4. Repeat steps 1–3 using bulbs of different power output.

What was the independent variable in the investigation?

Tick (✓) one box.

Suggest two ways the method could be improved so the results would be more valid.

Table 3 shows the student’s results.

Calculate value X in Table 3.

Complete Figure 4.

You should:

• label the x-axis

• use a suitable scale

• plot the data from Table 3 and your answer to Question 03.4

• draw a line of best fit.

Determine the expected rate of photosynthesis with a bulb of power output 75 watts.

Use Figure 4.

Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?

Tick (✓) one box.

Water moves from a plant to the atmosphere through the leaves.

How is the volume of water lost from the leaves controlled?

Describe the transport of water through a plant from the roots to the atmosphere.

A student investigated the volume of water lost from two plants of different species.

Both plants were kept together.

Figure 5 shows the student’s results.

Suggest one reason for the difference in the rate of water loss from the two plants in the first 2.5 hours.

Both plants were moved to a different place at 2.5 hours.

Calculate the rate of water loss per hour in plant B from 2.5 hours to 3 hours.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Suggest two reasons why the rate of water loss in both plants changed after 2.5 hours.

Figure 6 shows the internal structure of the human heart.

One of the heart valves is labelled.

Sometimes a valve in the heart can start to leak.

Explain why a person with a leaking heart valve has difficulty exercising.

A patient with a leaking heart valve may have the valve replaced.

A study compared two different types of replacement heart valve:

• mechanical valves

• biological valves from pigs.

The data used in the study was collected from female patients aged 50–69.

Table 4 shows the data.

Give one conclusion about the death of patients from heart-related problems after a valve replacement.

Include calculations to support your answer.

One risk of mechanical valves is that blood clots can form on the surface of the valve.

Name the component of the blood that starts the process of blood clotting.

Evaluate the use of mechanical replacement heart valves and biological replacement heart valves.

Use information from Table 4 and your own knowledge.

People with diabetes have difficulty controlling their blood glucose concentration.

Which part of the blood transports glucose?

Tick (✓) one box.

Glucose is often found in the urine of people with diabetes.

Name a chemical used to test for glucose.

Describe a test that could be used to show that a person’s urine contains glucose.

The body cells of a person with untreated diabetes lose more water than the body cells of a person who does not have diabetes.

Explain how diabetes can cause the body cells to lose more water.

Glucose is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine by both diffusion and active transport.

Describe how the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption.

A small animal called an axolotl lives in water. The axolotl has a double circulatory system.

Define the term double circulatory system.

Figure 7 shows the double circulatory system of the axolotl.

Figure 7

The following figure cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions.

The heart of the axolotl has only one ventricle.

Label the ventricle on Figure 7.

Explain why having only one ventricle makes the circulatory system less efficient than having two ventricles.

Figure 8 shows an axolotl.

Explain why an axolotl may die in water with a low concentration of oxygen.

If a gill of an axolotl is removed, a new gill will grow in its place.

Scientists hope to use information on how axolotls grow new gills to help with regenerating human tissue.

Name the type of cell that divides when a new gill grows.

Name one condition that could be treated using regenerated human tissue.

Suggest one reason why an axolotl is a suitable animal for research in the laboratory.

An axolotl may not be a suitable animal to study when researching regeneration in human tissue.

Suggest one reason why.

Pancreatic cancer develops when a malignant tumour grows inside the pancreas.

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes. What is an enzyme?

Carbohydrase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas.

Name two other organs in the digestive system that produce carbohydrase.

One symptom of pancreatic cancer is weight loss. Explain how pancreatic cancer may cause a person to lose weight. Do not refer to hormones in your answer.

Enzyme A and enzyme B are involved in controlling cell division in pancreatic cancer cells. Most cancer cells produce both enzyme A and enzyme B. Some people have a gene mutation that stops cancer cells producing enzyme B.

Figure 9 shows how cell division is controlled in pancreatic cancer cells.

Scientists have developed a drug that inhibits enzyme A. The drug is given to pancreatic cancer patients who have the gene mutation that stops cancer cells producing enzyme B. The drug only targets cancer cells.

Explain why the drug can be used to treat pancreatic cancer in patients with the gene mutation.

Use information from Figure 9.

Explain why the drug could not be used to treat pancreatic cancer in a patient that produces both enzyme A and enzyme B.

The drug was trialled before it was licensed for use. To improve validity of the results in the trial:

• some patients were given a placebo

• a double-blind trial was used.

Give reasons why a placebo and a double-blind trial were used.

A double-blind trial

One stage in a drug trial is to test the drug on healthy volunteers.

What is the next stage in the drug trial?

Tick (✓) one box.

A monoclonal antibody has been produced to treat pancreatic cancer.

Explain how the monoclonal antibody works to treat pancreatic cancer.