Water supply & water insecurity

Figure 14 is a map showing the water stress in selected European countries in 2019.

Complete Figure 14 using the following data.

Name one country which had medium-high water stress.

How many of the countries shown in Figure 14 had low-medium water stress?

Shade one circle only.

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 9

What percentage of the 32 countries for which data is shown had low-medium water stress?

Answer to one decimal place.

Outline one or more ways that physical factors can affect water availability.

Explain how water conservation and using grey water can lead to increased sustainability of water supply.

Figure 15 is a graph showing water consumption in different regions of the world.

Complete Figure 15 below using the following data for North America.

Using Figure 15, what is the difference in water consumption between Europe and Africa in 2020?

billion m³ per year

Using Figure 15, describe the trend for Asia 1940–2020.

Outline the link between increasing economic development and rising water consumption.

Explain how a large-scale water transfer scheme has both advantages and disadvantages.

Use an example you have studied.

Study Figure 14, a map of Africa showing the risk of water insecurity in 2019.

How many of the African countries shown in Figure 14 had a high risk of water insecurity in 2019?

Shade one circle only.

A 8

B 9

C 10

D 11

What percentage of the 48 countries in Africa shown had a high risk of water insecurity in 2019?

Answer to one decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which had a very low risk of water insecurity shown in Figure 14.

What is water insecurity?

Explain how limited infrastructure can affect water supply.

Study Figure 15a, a photograph of a desalination plant in Dubai and Figure 15b, information about the costs of desalination.

*The amount of water needed to cover an acre (approximately a football pitch) in water 1 foot (30 cm) deep.

To what extent can desalination and other strategies increase water supply?

Use Figure 15a and Figure 15b and your own knowledge.

Study Figure 13, a graph showing GNI per person and the percentage of rural areas with a basic water supply for selected countries.

Basic water supply = access to water within 30 minutes

Plot the following data on to Figure 13.

Which country is identified by the following data?

Draw a best fit line on Figure 13.

Describe the relationship between GNI and access to a basic water supply shown in Figure 13.

Outline one or more reasons for the link between GNI and water supply.

Give two impacts of water insecurity

Suggest how water supplies have been made more sustainable.

Use an example of a local scheme in an LIC/NEE.

Study Figure 13, a map of Africa showing the water footprint per person per year.

Complete Figure 13 using the following data.

Outline one way in which economic development leads to increased water consumption.

What is meant by water deficit?

Study Figures 14a and 14b.

Figure 14a is a typical greywater system.

Figure 14b is a photograph of a garden water butt.

Suggest how water supplies can be made more sustainable.

Use Figures 14a and 14b and your own understanding.

Study Figure 12, information about the water crisis in Cape Town, a city in South Africa, a LIC/NEE country.

Calculate the difference between the average Californian usage and restrictions in Cape Town on 1 February 2018.

Study Figure 13, a graph showing how the water restrictions in Cape Town have changed.

Use the data in Figure 12 to complete the graph in Figure 13.

Describe the trend shown in Figure 13.

Outline one or more likely impacts of water insecurity.

‘A large scale water transfer scheme can bring both advantages and disadvantages.’

Explain this statement using an example you have studied.

Study Figure 12, a map of Africa showing percentage access to basic drinking water services in 2015.

Name one country with a 91–100% access to basic drinking water services.

How many of the African countries shown in Figure 12 had less than 50% access to basic drinking water services?

Shade one circle only.

A 8

B 9

C 10

D 11

What percentage of the 48 countries in Africa for which data is shown had less than 50% access to basic drinking water services?

Answer to 1 decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which had 76–90% access to basic drinking water services as shown in Figure 12.

Outline one reason why some countries have a limited availability of water.

Explain how different strategies can be used to make water supplies more sustainable.