AQA GCSE Geography Paper 2: Challenges in the human environment June 2023 question paper 8035/2

Give one reason for the growth of megacities in LIC/NEEs.

Study Figure 1, a table showing the projected population of the world’s ten largest cities in 2030.

Calculate the mean size of the cities shown in Figure 1.

Answer to one decimal place.

Study Figure 2, a graph showing selected crimes reported on Twitter in Mexico City, a city in a NEE, September 2016 – April 2017.

Complete Figure 2 using the following data.

Approximately how much more frequent is street robbery than business burglary?

Shade one circle only.

A 2 times

B 3 times

C 4 times

D 5 times

Outline one reason why reducing crime is a challenge in some LIC/NEE cities.

Study Figure 3, a photograph of a street class run by volunteers in Mexico City.

To what extent has urban growth created social opportunities?

Use Figure 3 and a LIC/NEE example you have studied.

Study Figure 4, a map of Leicester’s cycle routes in 2020.

Which route would you use to travel south west from the bike park?

Shade one circle only.

A A47 Hinckley Road

B A50 Groby Road

C Mill Lane Bridge

D Oadby Racecourse

How long would it take to cycle from the bike park to Evington Library?

Suggest how urban transport strategies can be used to reduce traffic congestion.

Use Figure 4 and your own understanding.

Outline one way in which a UK city you have studied is important in the UK.

‘Urban change in the UK has created more economic opportunities than social opportunities.’

Evaluate this statement.

Use a UK city you have studied.

Study Figure 5, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map of an area of Southampton, a city in the UK.

Using Figure 5, give the direction from the Southampton Science Park in grid square 4018 to the university in grid square 4215.

Shade one circle only.

A North East

B North West

C South East

D South West

Using Figure 5, complete the table to give two pieces of map evidence showing why the site in grid square 4018 is a good location for the science park.

An example has been completed for you.

Study Figure 6, information about the Southampton Science Park.

Study Figure 7, a map showing birth rates in Europe (excluding Russia) in 2019.

Complete Figure 7 using the following data.

Outline one disadvantage of using birth rates as a measure of development.

Which measure of development combines income, life expectancy and education levels?

Shade one circle only.

A Gross National Income (GNI) per head

B Human Development Index (HDI)

C Infant mortality rate (IMR)

D People per doctor

Outline one physical cause of uneven development.

Study Figure 8, a table showing the debt of selected countries in 2019.

Calculate the interquartile range for the data in Figure 8.

Study Figure 9, information from a report on debt.

Suggest how debt relief can help reduce the development gap.

Use Figure 9 and your own understanding.

Suggest how economic development can bring improvements to quality of life but at a cost to the environment.

Use a case study of a LIC/NEE in your answer.

Name of LIC/NEE

Study Figure 10, information showing the major sources of the UK’s electricity at 3.20 pm on 27 October 2020.

What is solar energy?

Suggest how the energy mix used to generate the UK’s electricity has changed in the last 30 years.

Use Figure 10 and your own understanding.

Explain why demand for different energy sources has changed in the UK.

Study Figure 11a and Figure 11b.

Figure 11a is a cartoon about sources of food in the UK.

Figure 11b is a pie chart showing carbon emissions from stages of the food supply chain.

Figure 11b cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions

‘Trying to reduce the carbon footprint of food in the UK creates opportunities and challenges.’

Use Figure 11a and Figure 11b to explain this statement.

Study Figure 12, a map of parts of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The map shows the locust forecast for May–July 2020.

How many of the countries shown in Figure 12 had a serious threat level?

Shade one circle only.

A 3

B 4

C 5

D 6

What percentage of the 25 countries shown had a serious threat level?

Describe the pattern of the threat from locusts shown in Figure 12.

What is food insecurity?

Explain how pests and diseases can affect food supply.

Study Figure 13, information about appropriate technology being used to improve farming in parts of Africa.

Zaï is a farming technique used in the western Sahel region (Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali). It uses holes dug in the soil during the dry season to catch water and concentrate compost.

This is an old technique updated by filling the holes with manure and compost to provide plant nutrients. The manure attracts termites, whose tunnels help break up the soil. Zaï holes improve the yields of trees, sorghum and millet by up to 500 per cent.

To what extent can appropriate technology and other strategies increase food supply?

Use Figure 13 and your own knowledge.

Study Figure 14, a map of Africa showing the risk of water insecurity in 2019.

How many of the African countries shown in Figure 14 had a high risk of water insecurity in 2019?

Shade one circle only.

A 8

B 9

C 10

D 11

What percentage of the 48 countries in Africa shown had a high risk of water insecurity in 2019?

Answer to one decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which had a very low risk of water insecurity shown in Figure 14.

What is water insecurity?

Explain how limited infrastructure can affect water supply.

Study Figure 15a, a photograph of a desalination plant in Dubai and Figure 15b, information about the costs of desalination.

*The amount of water needed to cover an acre (approximately a football pitch) in water 1 foot (30 cm) deep.

To what extent can desalination and other strategies increase water supply?

Use Figure 15a and Figure 15b and your own knowledge.

Study Figure 16, a map of Europe (excluding Russia) showing the percentage of electricity produced from renewable sources in 2019.

How many of the countries shown in Figure 16 produced 41–60% of their electricity from renewable sources in 2019?

Shade one circle only.

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 9

What percentage of the 41 countries in Europe for which data is shown produced 41–60% of their electricity from renewable sources in 2019?

Answer to one decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which produced 0–20% of their electricity from renewable sources in 2019.

What is energy insecurity?

Explain how political factors can affect energy supply.

Study Figure 17, information about some renewable energy sources in the UK.

Figure 17

Figure 17 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions

To what extent can wind and tidal power and other strategies increase energy supply?

Use Figure 17 and your own knowledge.