AQA GCSE Geography Paper 2: Challenges in the human environment June 2018 question paper 8035/2

Which term is best defined by the phrase, ‘the increasing percentage of the population living in towns and cities’?

Shade one circle only.

A Urban sprawl

B Urbanisation

C Migration

D Urban regeneration

Study Figure 2, a pie chart showing the reasons for rural–urban migration in a region of Pakistan, a country in Asia.

Describe the pattern of reasons for migration shown in Figure 2.

Study Figure 3, some social media comments about traffic in Bangalore, a city in India.

Using Figure 3 suggest one problem faced by people in Bangalore as a result of traffic congestion.

Use Figure 3 and a case study of a city in a LIC or NEE to suggest why managing traffic congestion and air pollution may be challenging.

Study Figure 4, a graph showing GCSE scores along a transect through a UK city.

Calculate the range in GCSE scores shown in Figure 4.

Using Figure 4 and your own understanding, suggest reason(s) for inequalities in education in urban areas in the UK.

Outline one way that national migration has led to change in the character of a named UK city.

To what extent has urban change created environmental challenges in a UK city you have studied?

Study Figure 5, a table showing the Gross National Income (GNI) data for selected countries in 2016.

Calculate the median value for the GNI data in Figure 5.

Suggest one reason why the GNI per person varies between the countries shown in Figure 5.

Give one disadvantage of using an economic measure of development such as GNI.

Study Figure 6, a diagram to explain the impact of tourism on a country.

Using Figure 6 and your own understanding, suggest how the growth of tourism in a LIC or NEE might help to reduce the development gap.

Study Figure 7 which describes the effects of an intermediate technology project in an area of Malawi, a country in Africa.

Figure 7

Bicycle Ambulances

There are two small Health Centres in the area serving 45 000 people. 1 in 6 women die in childbirth.

People have to travel vast distances to be seen by a nurse or doctor. Travel to the clinics is usually by ox and cart but this is an expensive and slow mode of transport.

A project was started to build bicycle ambulances and to provide training to the people in the area so more patients can make their way to a health centre. It is hoped that these bicycle ambulances will help save many lives.

State two challenges faced by the people living in the area described in Figure 7.

State one characteristic of intermediate technology.

Outline one way in which international aid has had an impact on a named LIC or NEE country.

Using a case study of a LIC or NEE country, explain the link between Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and industrial development in the country.

Study Figure 8, information about the planned spending on transport infrastructure in England’s regions 2016–2021.

Using Figure 8, calculate the mean planned spending per person per year 2016–2021 in the nine English regions.

Assess the importance of transport improvements to the UK economy.

Study Figure 9, a map showing world oil consumption in 2016.

What is the difference between Africa and North America’s share of world oil consumption shown in Figure 9 ?

Using Figure 9 and your own understanding, suggest how inequalities in the consumption of resources influence well-being.

Outline one advantage of the trend towards agribusiness in the UK.

Study Figure 10, a graph showing the UK’s changing energy mix from 2006 to 2016.

Using Figure 10 and your own understanding, discuss the issues arising from the UK’s changing energy mix.

Study Figure 11, a map of South and East Asia showing the percentage of people who were undernourished between 2014 and 2016.

Name one country where less than 5% of the population were undernourished.

How many of the Asian countries shown in Figure 11 had 15–24.9% of their population undernourished?

Shade one circle only.

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 9

What percentage of the 24 countries in Asia for which data is shown had 15–24.9% of their population undernourished?

Answer to 1 decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which had 15–24.9% of their population undernourished as shown in Figure 11.

Outline one reason why some countries have a limited food supply.

Explain how different strategies can be used to make food supplies more sustainable.

Study Figure 12, a map of Africa showing percentage access to basic drinking water services in 2015.

Name one country with a 91–100% access to basic drinking water services.

How many of the African countries shown in Figure 12 had less than 50% access to basic drinking water services?

Shade one circle only.

A 8

B 9

C 10

D 11

What percentage of the 48 countries in Africa for which data is shown had less than 50% access to basic drinking water services?

Answer to 1 decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which had 76–90% access to basic drinking water services as shown in Figure 12.

Outline one reason why some countries have a limited availability of water.

Explain how different strategies can be used to make water supplies more sustainable.

Study Figure 13, a map of Europe showing the percentage energy consumption from renewable sources in Europe (excluding Russia) in 2014.

Name one country which had less than 10.0% of energy consumption from renewable sources.

How many of the European countries shown in Figure 13 had 35.0–49.9% of energy consumption from renewable sources?

Shade one circle only.

A 5

B 6

C 7

D 8

What percentage of the 41 countries in Europe for which data is shown had 35.0–49.9% consumption of energy from renewable sources?

Answer to 1 decimal place.

Describe the distribution of countries which had 20.0–34.9% consumption of energy from renewable sources shown in Figure 13.

Outline one reason why some countries have a limited energy supply.

Explain how different strategies can be used to make energy supplies more sustainable.