OCR GCSE Combined Science
It is important to maintain internal environments in the human body.
Diabetes is a medical condition that can affect blood glucose levels.
Give three ways that type 1 diabetes is different to type 2 diabetes.
A student draws and labels a diagram of a reflex arc.
The diagram shows their labelled drawing.
What mistake has the student made in their drawing?
Tick (✓) one box.
The spinal cord coordinates nervous responses.
Which other part of the central nervous system coordinates responses?
The body is also controlled by the endocrine system.
Complete the table to show two differences between the nervous system and the endocrine
Oestrogen and testosterone are both hormones.
Write down one role of oestrogen and one role of testosterone in the body.
A person with type 1 diabetes tests their blood sugar level before they eat any food.
The diagram shows their results. The units for blood sugar level are mmol / l.
The person then compares their results with the information in this table.
| Blood sugar level (mmol / l) | |
| too low | <4 |
| healthy target | 4–7 |
| too high | >7 |
Explain why the person will need to take insulin.
Which statement is true for type 1 diabetes and false for type 2 diabetes?
A The body stops responding to insulin, insulin injections are needed.
B The body stops responding to insulin, insulin injections are not needed.
C The pancreas stops making insulin, insulin injections are needed.
D The pancreas stops making insulin, insulin injections are not needed.
Table 1.1 shows the classification of non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetes based on their blood glucose levels.
Table 1.2 shows measurements of blood glucose levels taken from 4 people.
Which row in Table 1.2 shows a person who is a pre-diabetic ?
Scientists have used genetically engineered bacteria to produce the human hormone insulin.
Describe the main steps in the process of genetic engineering.
Insulin may be used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Describe the interaction between type 2 diabetes and nutrition.
The human genome has been mapped.
Discuss how this could help with the future treatment of type 2 diabetes.
The graph in Fig. 14.1 shows the level of glucose and insulin from a person with Type 2 diabetes over a four hour time period.
Write down two ways the graph in Fig. 14.1 shows that the person has Type 2 diabetes, not Type 1.
The graph in Fig. 14.2 shows the increase in Type 2 diabetes over a 10-year period.
What factor does the graph in Fig. 14.2 indicate is linked to an increase in Type 2 diabetes?
Suggest one lifestyle change that could reduce this factor and avoid a person developing Type 2 diabetes.
Which statement about both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is correct?
A Insulin injections are always needed.
B Regulating diet and exercise will help to control the symptoms.
C The body becomes intolerant to insulin.
D The pancreas stops producing insulin.
This question is about hormones.
The hormone thyroxine helps to control the amount of energy available to cells.
Look at the diagram. It shows how energy levels in the body are controlled.
Explain why controlling energy levels is an example of negative feedback.
The table compares type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
| Type 1 | Type 2 | |
| Usual age of onset | ........................................... | Adult |
| Development of symptoms | Very quick | May appear over several months |
| Percentage of diabetic population | About 10% | About 90% |
| Linked to obesity | Rare | Common |
| Cause | Beta cells ( cells) destroyed so no insulin production | Body cells may not react to insulin or not enough insulin is produced |
State the usual age of onset for Type 1 diabetes.
Write your answer in the table.
Which organ in the body contains beta cells ( cells)?
Write about the different treatments for the two types of diabetes.
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Combined Science starter pack