Edexcel GCSE Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2025 question paper 1BI0/2F

Draw one straight line from each hormone to the endocrine gland that produces it.

Figure 1 shows the concentration of glucose in the blood of a person for a period of six hours.

State the highest blood glucose concentration during this six hour period.

Insulin was released from the pancreas at 13:30.

Describe the changes in the concentration of glucose in the blood from 13:30 to 18:00.

The cells of people with type 2 diabetes do not respond to insulin.

Describe two ways that a person with type 2 diabetes can control the concentration of glucose in their blood.

Plants produce glucose by photosynthesis.

Complete the word equation for photosynthesis shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

State why photosynthesis does not occur in the roots of plants.

Which is transported in the phloem?

Chlorophyll is found in green leaf cells.

Describe the role of chlorophyll in leaf cells.

A greenhouse contained an oil burning heater.

State two ways this could increase the rate of photosynthesis in the greenhouse.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the skin.

Structures in the skin, shown in Figure 3, help to control body temperature.

Explain how the action of the hair erector muscle helps to keep the body warm.

Explain how sweating decreases body temperature.

A scientist investigated the air temperature at which women start to shiver.

The scientist recorded the air temperature at which a 40‑year‑old woman started to shiver.

Which would improve the quality of the results in this investigation?

State the optimum body temperature as shown in Figure 4.

Temperature affects the rate of diffusion of gases into and out of cells.

State two other factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

Figure 5 shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Use words from the box to complete the following sentences about the nitrogen cycle.

The nitrogen compounds in plants include_........

The nitrates from rotting dead plants are released into the soil by_........

180 million tonnes of nitrates were used by crops growing on farms in the UK in 2020.

Figure 6 shows the different sources of nitrates used by the crops.

Calculate the mass of nitrates from human-made fertiliser that was used by crops in 2020.

Some of the nitrates spread on fields as fertiliser get into lakes.

Name the type of pollution caused by the build-up of nitrates in lakes.

A student investigated how the concentration of nitrate affected the types of algae growing in three lakes.

Figure 7 shows microscope images of the algae in 1 mm³ of water, and the concentrations of nitrate ions in each lake.

Figure 8 shows a bar chart for the algae in lakes X, Y and Z.

Complete the bar chart for algae L and algae M in lake Z.

State two conclusions about the relationship between nitrate concentration and the algae in these lakes.

A build-up of algae on the surface of the lake can affect plants growing at the bottom of the lake.

Which statement shows how this would affect the plants at the bottom of the lake?

Figure 9 shows a stoma on the lower epidermis of a leaf as seen using a

Draw the stoma and two cells around it in the box.

Give the name of the two cells around the stoma.

A student observed that a plant in a room had grown towards the light.

Name the plant hormone that causes the plant to grow towards the light.

Name the type of tropism that causes the plant to grow towards the light.

Figure 10 compares the root hair cells of two plants.

Plant A is adapted to growing in wet soil.

Plant B is adapted to growing in dry soil.

Compare the root hair cells of Plant A with the root hair cells of plant B.

Figure 11 shows sections of a leaf from plant A and a leaf from plant B.

plant A (wet soil)
plant B (dry soil)

Figure 11

State two differences in the leaf structure shown in Figure 11 that help plant B to survive in a dry environment.

Figure 12 shows the structure of the human heart and the direction of blood flow.

Measure the thickness of the left ventricle wall between points T and U.

Describe how deoxygenated blood leaves the right side of the heart and becomes oxygenated.

Which blood vessel returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart?

Figure 12 shows the valves that stop blood from flowing in the wrong direction.

State the number of valves in the right side of the human heart shown in Figure 12.

The heart is part of the circulatory system.

Describe what happens to the blood when the left ventricle contracts.

Figure 13 shows information about three types of blood vessel.

State the type of blood vessel shown as C in Figure 13.

Describe how the structure of a capillary helps gas exchange in the lungs.

Urine contains water, urea and other dissolved substances.

Where is urea produced in the human body?

Name the substance that is broken down to produce urea.

The kidneys are part of the urinary system.

People with kidney disease can be treated by dialysis or by having a kidney transplant.

Figure 14 shows some stages of the process of dialysis.

Complete boxes 3 and 4 by writing the missing details of the process of dialysis.

State two disadvantages of using kidney donation to treat a patient with kidney failure.

*(d) Figure 15 shows the human urinary system.

Describe the roles of parts W, X, Y and Z in making urine and removing the urine from the body.

Name parts W, X, Y and Z in your answer.

Explain why a person’s heart rate increases when they are running compared with when they are at rest.

Figure 16 shows a diagram of mucus‑producing goblet cells and ciliated epithelial cells in the airways of the lungs.

(Source: © K.K.T Madhusanka/Shutterstock)

Figure 16

Describe how pathogens are removed from the airways by ciliated epithelial cells.

During a race, athletes respire aerobically and anaerobically.

Figure 17 shows an athlete after a race.

Explain how aerobic respiration provides energy for running.

The rate of respiration of maggots was investigated using the equipment shown in Figure 18.

State the reason why the soda lime is placed in the test tube.

The drop of liquid in Figure 18 is at 20 mm.

The drop of coloured liquid moved at a mean rate of 2 mm per minute.

Draw, on Figure 19, the new position of the bubble after the five minutes.

The investigation was repeated with two maggots.

Explain how the movement of the drop of coloured liquid would be affected if the investigation was repeated using fewer maggots.

State one way this investigation can be improved to obtain more reliable results.

In 2018, all the plants were removed from the soil in a 1000 m² area.

A wall was built around this area to keep people out.

In 2019, three species of plants were recorded growing in this area.

Two of these species were indigenous.

State what is meant by the term ’indigenous’.

Name one piece of equipment that could be used to sample the number of indigenous plants in this area.

The area was surveyed every year and the number of plants of each species (A to H) was estimated.

Figure 20 shows the results.

State the trend shown by the data in Figure 20 for plant species C from 2019 to 2023.

A scientist suggested that the decrease in the number of plants of species B in 2021 was caused by competition from one of the other species of plant.

Which species is most likely to have out-competed species B in 2021?

Explain one way that this species could have out‑competed species B.

Give one way that species H could have moved into the area.

*(c) Figure 21 shows some plants growing in a small area of a 1000 m² field.

Devise a plan to estimate the number of named plant species growing in this field.

Figure 22 shows a type of bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) that is found in cow’s milk.

The magnification of this image is ×18 000.

Measure the length of the bacterium labelled A.

Use your measurement to calculate the actual length of this bacterium in millimetres.

Give your answer in standard form.

Figure 23 shows the growth rate of two species of bacteria at different pH values.

State a pH that allows the growth of both Lactobacillus acidophilus and Staphylococcus aureus.

Describe the relationship between pH and the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, as shown in Figure 23.

A student investigated the effect of temperature on the decay of milk.

Milk was placed in a beaker in a water bath at 5 °C for 72 hours.

The pH of the milk was measured every 24 hours using a pH probe.

The investigation was repeated at different temperatures.

Figure 24 shows the results of this investigation.

Which is a variable that the student needs to control in this investigation?

Describe the changes in the pH of the milk at 30 °C from 0 hours to 72 hours, as shown in Figure 24.

Calculate the rate of decay of the milk at 20 °C for the 72 hours of this investigation.

Use the equation:

_........ change in pH per hour