Edexcel GCSE Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2018 question paper 1BI0/2F

Insulin is produced by an endocrine gland and is transported in the blood.

Which row shows the endocrine gland and the target organs for insulin?

Which part of the blood transports insulin to its target organs?

Figure 1 shows the blood glucose and blood insulin concentration for a healthy person during one day.

The blood glucose concentration increases after a meal.

Explain why the blood glucose concentration then decreases.

State one cause of type 1 diabetes.

Explain how controlling the diet can be used to treat type 2 diabetes.

A scientist is planning to test a new treatment for type 2 diabetes.

She selects 300 volunteers who have type 2 diabetes.

State two other factors that the scientist should consider when selecting the 300 volunteers.

Figure 2 shows alveoli from a healthy lung.

Smoking can cause a condition called emphysema.

Figure 3 shows alveoli from a person with emphysema.

Use words from the box to complete the following sentences.

breathing diffusion larger

osmosis smaller thicker

The alveoli from the person with emphysema have a_........

surface area than the alveoli from a healthy lung.

The surface area of the alveoli will affect how much oxygen moves into the blood

The graph in Figure 4 shows the volume of oxygen an athlete absorbs at different running speeds.

Describe the trend shown in Figure 4.

Which uses more oxygen when the running speed of the athlete changes from 4 to 6 km per hour?

Explain why the athlete produces lactic acid when running at 14 km per hour.

The effect of temperature on decomposition was investigated.

30 leaves were collected. The mass of five leaves was recorded and the leaves were placed into a net bag. This was repeated five more times.

Figure 5 shows one of these bags.

The net bags were then put in trays and covered in soil as shown in Figure 6.

Which type of tray should be used so that the leaves are in the best conditions for decomposition?

Each tray was kept at a different temperature.

The mass of the leaves was recorded again after 25 days.

Figure 7 shows the results of this investigation.

Calculate the percentage decrease in mass for the leaves at 85 °C.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Explain which temperature was the best for the decomposition of the leaves.

State two improvements to the method for this investigation.

(a) Plants use nitrate ions to make proteins and chlorophyll.

What effects will a low nitrate ion concentration in soils have on plants?

Which organisms convert nitrogen to nitrate ions during the nitrogen cycle?

Figure 8 shows part of a root as seen using a light microscope.

Figure 9 shows information about the two types of cell labelled in Figure 8.

Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of the root hair cell.

Explain the benefit to the plant of having root hair cells.

Algae are green plants.

Figure 10 shows the number of algae in a lake in the United Kingdom during one year.

Explain the changes in the number of algae in the lake from February to June.

Figure 11 shows a British glow-worm.

Read the following extract before answering the questions.

Female glow-worms produce bright lights in the summer to attract males. Glow-worm larvae are predators of slugs and snails, but adult glow-worms do not feed. Females only have a few weeks to attract a mate and lay eggs, before the females die.

What will happen if the population of snails decreases?

Female glow-worms have an enzyme called luciferase. The glow is produced when this enzyme catalyses a reaction between oxygen and a protein.

A scientist devised a plan to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration on this reaction.

The scientist had:

• five flasks of water each with a different concentration of dissolved oxygen

• a solution of the protein

• a solution of the enzyme.

The first step of this plan is:

Step 1. Add some of the protein solution to each of the five flasks.

Describe the next two steps that should be in this plan to obtain results for this investigation.

Which procedure would improve the investigation?

The enzyme luciferase works best at pH 8.

Explain why the activity of the enzyme decreases at pH 5.

Female glow-worms are found attached to grass plants in a large field.

Describe a sampling technique to find the mean number of female glow-worms in 1 m² of the field.

The mean number of female glow-worms in 1 m² of the field is 5.

The field has a total area of 800 m².

Estimate the number of female glow-worms in the whole field.

(a) Figure 12 shows a cross section through a leaf.

What is the name of the part labelled R in Figure 12?

Figure 13 shows the mass of glucose produced in each layer of a leaf per hour.

Describe the difference in the mass of glucose produced per hour in the palisade mesophyll and the mass of glucose produced in the spongy mesophyll shown in Figure 13.

Figure 14 shows how light intensity changed during one day.

Use information in Figure 14 to explain why oxygen moved out of the leaf between 9 am and midday.

Glucose is produced in a leaf.

Glucose is a

Describe a test for glucose.

Figure 15 shows an enzyme and three substrates found in plant cells.

The enzyme will only break down one of these substrates.

State the name of this enzyme.

Figure 16 shows the urinary system of a human.

Name the structures labelled P and Q.

The kidney contains nephrons.

Figure 17 shows the concentration of glucose and protein found in the blood plasma and in the filtrate inside a nephron.

Explain the difference in the concentration of protein in the blood plasma and in the filtrate in the nephron.

Explain how glucose moves from the blood plasma into the nephron.

*(c) Figure 18 shows a patient undergoing kidney dialysis.

Describe how dialysis removes unwanted substances from the blood.

Include examples of unwanted substances in your answer.

(a) Figure 19 shows a diagram of a red blood cell from a turtle and a diagram of a red blood cell from a human.

These cells are animal cells.

Animal cells do not have

The actual length of the red blood cell from a turtle is 20.5 μ m.

Calculate the length of the magnified image of the red blood cell of the turtle when magnified 400 ×.

The width of the human red blood cell, when magnified 400 ×, is 3.08 mm.

Calculate the actual width of the cell and show your answer in standard form.

Red blood cells are carried in veins and arteries.

Figure 20 shows the equipment used to measure the elasticity of an artery.

Describe a method you could use to see how much the ring of tissue from an artery could stretch before it no longer returned to its original size.

Give one safety precaution you need to take when handling animal tissue such as blood vessels.

Figure 21 shows the circulatory system of a frog.

Explain why the circulatory system of a frog is less efficient at carrying oxygen to the tissues than the circulatory system of a human.

State why a coverslip is placed on top of the leaf peel.

Explain why the leaf peel rather than the whole leaf was viewed with a microscope.

The student drew a biological diagram of the leaf peel taken from the underside of the leaf.

Figure 23 shows this diagram.

State the number of stomata visible on Figure 23.

The student observed that the stomata were open.

Describe how stomata open.

*(c) Figure 24 shows xylem and phloem. Xylem and phloem are involved in the transport of substances through a plant.

Use Figure 24 to help you describe how water and sucrose move through a plant.

Since 2003, in France, people have been buying Siberian chipmunks as pets but then releasing them into the wild when they are no longer wanted.

They are now classified as an invasive species.

Figure 25 shows a Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus).

Figure 25

Siberian chipmunks eat acorns, which are the seeds of oak trees.

In Siberia, the natural predators of Siberian chipmunks are wild dogs.

Figure 26 shows the biomass of three organisms in a food chain from one area of Siberia.

Draw a pyramid of biomass for this food chain.

In France, Siberian chipmunks have very few natural predators.

Describe how this affected the Siberian chipmunk population in France.

The percentage of energy transferred from the acorns to the chipmunks is 9.5%.

The energy contained in the acorns is 97 500 kJ.

Calculate the amount of energy transferred to the chipmunks.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is a parasite that feeds on the blood of animals including Siberian chipmunks and humans.

The tick transmits the Lyme disease pathogen.

Figure 27 shows the number of cases of Lyme disease in humans in France in 2003 and 2015.

Calculate the percentage increase in the number of cases of Lyme disease in humans in France from 2003 to 2015.

Explain why there has been an increase in the number of cases of Lyme disease in humans in France.