Edexcel GCSE Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2024 question paper 1BI0/2F

Scientists use microscopes to study cells.

Figure 1 shows a light microscope.

Draw one straight line from each part of the microscope to its function.

Figure 2 shows two photographs of bacteria.

Photograph A was taken through a light microscope.

Photograph B was taken using an electron microscope.

Draw, in the box, the bacterial cell labelled X.

Label one part of the bacterial cell on your diagram.

State one advantage of using a light microscope and one advantage of using an electron microscope to study these bacterial cells.

A light microscope_........

An electron microscope_........

Plants need light for photosynthesis.

Part of the photosynthesis equation is shown below.

reactant A + water glucose + product B

Which row in the table shows reactant A and product B?

Name the green chemical in chloroplasts that absorbs light.

Plan an experiment to investigate if plants grow faster when they receive more light. Use the equipment shown in Figure 3.

State one factor that you would keep the same in this experiment.

A plant was kept at a very high temperature of 60C.

Explain the effect of this temperature on photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows a food chain in an oak woodland.

oak tree aphids ladybirds robins

State what the arrows in the food chain represent.

A robin in this woodland eats 6 g of food in a day.

The robin uses 15% of this food for growth.

Calculate the mass of food that is used for growth.

Temperatures in England have increased over the last 20 years.

State two human activities that have caused this temperature increase.

One new species of moth is now able to live in England because of the increased temperatures.

This moth feeds on oak leaves.

Explain how these moths may affect the number of aphids in the food chain shown in Figure 4.

Endocrine glands produce hormones.

Draw two crosses on Figure 5 to show the position of the ovaries.

Progesterone is produced in the ovaries.

State one effect of progesterone on the uterus lining.

Insulin is a hormone that controls blood glucose concentration.

Which endocrine gland produces insulin?

State how insulin is transported from its endocrine gland to its target organs.

Name the main target organ for insulin.

People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin.

Figure 6 shows the blood glucose concentration for a person with type 1 diabetes.

Describe the trend from midday to 1 pm.

State what a person with type 1 diabetes could have done to cause the change in the blood glucose concentration from 1.05 pm to 1.30 pm.

People with type 2 diabetes have cells that do not respond to insulin.

State two ways that people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood glucose concentration.

Figure 7 shows the structure of a leaf.

Which layer has the highest number of chloroplasts per cell?

When iodine solution was put onto these cells, small parts of the cells became blue‑black.

Name the substance stored in the parts of the cells that turned blue‑black.

State how the guard cells control the amount of gas exchange that occurs through the stomata.

A scientist measured the thickness of the cuticle from the leaves of plants growing in soil that had a different percentage of water content.

The scientist measured six plants at each percentage of water content.

Figure 8 shows the results.

Calculate the mean thickness of cuticle for the plants growing in soil containing 15% water.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

Explain why the thickness of the cuticle is different when a plant is grown in soil with a higher water content.

State one other way that the leaves of plants are adapted to help plants grow in soil with low water content.

In humans, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.

Figure 9 shows the structure of an alveolus and its blood supply.

Which process moves carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveolus?

State one adaptation of an alveolus that increases the rate of gas exchange.

Describe how blood is moved from the heart to the lungs.

Figure 10 shows the heart rate of a person before, during and after exercise.

Describe the trend shown in Figure 10.

Use data from Figure 10 to support your answer.

Explain the trend shown in Figure 10 from 5 minutes to 25 minutes.

The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped during one beat of the heart.

At 25 minutes the stroke volume was 0.13 dm³.

Calculate the cardiac output of the heart of this person at 25 minutes.

Use the equation

cardiac output = stroke volumeheart rate

_........ dm³ per minute

Figure 11 shows the structure of a kidney nephron.

Small soluble substances including glucose are forced out through small holes in the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

Which term describes this process?

Explain why red blood cells do not move from blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

Describe what happens in the collecting duct to make the urine more concentrated.

State where urine is stored before it leaves the body.

*(d) Describe how you would use laboratory tests to show if a food contains glucose (a reducing sugar) and protein.

Include in your answer:

• how you would prepare the sample of food

• how you would use Benedict’s solution and Biuret solution

• the results you would expect.

The heart pumps blood.

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle of the heart.

A centrifuge can be used to separate the different parts of human blood.

Figure 12 shows blood separated into different parts.

Name part X.

Which substance, needed for cellular respiration, is carried by red blood cells?

Name two types of white blood cell.

When a person donates blood, 470 cm³ of blood is removed from their body.

Red blood cells make up 44% by volume of the blood.

Calculate the volume of red blood cells in 470 cm³ of donated blood.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

Before donating blood, a person has a small blood sample taken to check that the blood is healthy.

State two precautions a doctor should take when collecting this sample.

Figure 13 shows a root hair cell from a plant.

Name the part labelled X.

State one way that the structure of the root hair cell increases the volume of substances it absorbs.

Explain why root hair cells do not contain chloroplasts.

*(c) The arrows in Figure 15 show the direction of water movement through a tree.

Explain how water is moved from the soil, through the plant and into the air.

A student investigated the decomposition of two different types of leaf.

The student placed 200 grams of holly leaves in a net bag.

The student placed 200 grams of oak leaves in another net bag.

The bags were left in a classroom.

The mass of the leaves in each bag was recorded every 10 days for 50 days.

State two variables that would need to be controlled in this investigation.

The results of this investigation are shown in Figure 16.

Calculate the rate of decomposition of holly leaves from 0 to 50 days.

Compare the trends shown in the data for holly leaves and oak leaves.

Explain why it is important for the environment that dead leaves are decomposed.

Name one type of organism that decomposes leaves.

Leaves are eaten by snails.

1 600 grams of leaves and 10 snails were kept in a container for one month.

A scientist measured the mass of the leaves and the mass of the snails at the start and end of one month.

Figure 17 shows the results.

Explain why the change in mass of the leaves is not the same as the change in mass of the snails.